"Экономика и туризм" международный научно- инновационной журнал

Микропредпринимательство и экономическая устойчивость в постпандемическом Узбекистане: вызовы и возможности

David Lorant — 2026-06-08

В статье рассматривается, как микро предприниматели в пост
пандемическом Узбекистане адаптируются к институциональным пробелам,
ограниченному доступу к финансированию и гендерным ограничениям. На основе восьми
углублённых интервью исследование выявляет ключевые проблемы и подчеркивает
стратегии, такие как цифровизация, неформальное сотрудничество и переориентация на
новые рыночные ниши. Хотя эти меры демонстрируют устойчивость предпринимателей,
системные барьеры ограничивают устойчивый рост. Полученные результаты дают
представление о предпринимательстве в условиях переходной экономики и подчеркивают
необходимость комплексных политических реформ для обеспечения инклюзивного
восстановления

THE DYNAMICS OF INFRASTRUCTURE INVE STMENT IN THE MACROECONOMY OF UZBEKISTAN AND ITS IMPACT ON GDP GROWTH

Kuvonchbek Mustafoyev — 2026-06-08

This article examines the dynamics of infrastructure investment in the macroeconomy of
Uzbekistan over the period 2019–2024 and assesses its contribution to gross domestic product
(GDP) growth. The study is motivated by the rapid scaling-up of fixed-capital investment in the
country, the adoption of a dedicated public-private partnership (PPP) framework, and the need to
quantify the macroeconomic returns to infrastructure spending. Drawing on official statistics of
the Statistics Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the World Bank, the Asian Development
Bank and the EBRD, the analysis combines descriptive time-series evidence with a multiplierbased estimation of the output response to infrastructure investment. The results show that fixedcapital investment expanded markedly, reaching an estimated 493.7 trillion soums (about US$38.2
billion) in 2024, equivalent to roughly one-third of GDP, while real GDP grew by 6.7 per cent in
the same year. Applying internationally documented public-investment multipliers, a fiscal
impulse equal to one per cent of GDP directed to infrastructure is estimated to raise output by
between 1.1 and 1.6 per cent over a five-year horizon. The paper concludes that infrastructure
investment—particularly when channelled through transparent PPP mechanisms—constitutes a
significant and durable driver of macroeconomic growth in Uzbekistan, but that its effectiveness
is conditioned by investment efficiency, fiscal space and the quality of project selection.

FOREIGN COUNTRIES' EXPERIENCE IN TAXATION OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS ACTIVITY

Қудратилло Тўхсанов — 2026-06-08

This article examines the current state of regulation of small and medium-sized
businesses through tax instruments and the mechanism of taxing their activities in selected foreign
countries. The relevance of the research topic stems from the fact that one of the most important
issues within the BRICS cooperation framework is the question of measures to support small and
medium-sized business entities as one of the principal drivers of economic growth in the member
states of the intergovernmental association. The study aims to review and analyse the tax incentives
applied in BRICS member states to reduce the tax burden on small and medium-sized businesses.
To this end, the research carries out an analysis of special tax regimes and individual tax incentives
for small business in China, India, Brazil, South Africa, Egypt, and the United Arab Emirates. In
particular, the study analyses whether or not a special tax regime exists in each country, and
examines the criteria established for applying tax incentives and their thresholds, the taxable bases,
and the tax incentives and tax rates granted to taxpayers. The study also conducts a general
comparison of tax incentives for small and medium-sized business entities in these countries, on
the basis of which similarities and differences in special tax regimes and individual tax incentives
are identified. From the standpoint of the tax policy implemented towards them, those countries
offering the most favourable conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses
are determined.

DIRECTIONS FOR STRENGTHENING REGIONAL INDUSTRIALIZATION BASED ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY

Дилшод Явмутов — 2026-06-08

This research was carried out within the framework of the priority area of the
Republic's science and technology development: "Development of democratic and legal society,
spiritual-moral and cultural development, and the formation of an innovative economy." The
research methods include historical and theoretical research, inductive and deductive research
types, comparative analysis and selective observation, monographic and systematic analysis,
economic-mathematical methods of analysis, as well as forecasting methods.

METHODS FOR MEASURING SUSTAINABILITY IN TOURISM. A SYSTEMATIC COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDICATOR SYSTEMS AND FRAMEWORKS (2004-2024)

Mukhriddin Kilichov — 2026-06-08

Измерение устойчивости туризма значительно эволюционировало с
момента публикatsiи ЮНВТО в 2004 году основополагающего руководства, включающего
свыше 700 индикаторов. В данной статье проводится систематический сравнительный
анализ семи ведущих систем - Руководства ЮНВТО, Европейской системы туристических
индикаторов (ETIS), Международной сети обсерваторий устойчивого туризма (INSTO),
Статистической основы для измерения устойчивости туризма (SF-MST, 2024),
Региональной системы ОЭСР, критериев GSTC и методов экологического следа - по шести
аналитическим измерениям. Результаты выявили устойчивое противоречие между охватом
и оперaциональной применимостью, структурный разрыв между наукой и политикой, а
также недостаточную представленность индикаторов управления. Единогласное
утверждение SF-MST 193 государствами - членами ООН в 2024 году является значимым
достижением.

TOURISM AS A DRIVER OF REGIONAL ECONOMY

Shoxjahon Jurayev — 2026-06-08

This article examines the economic development of tourism in Samarkand. An analysis is
carried out of the current state of tourism infrastructure, statistical indicators of visitor flows and
tourism revenues for the period 2019–2024. The principal challenges facing the industry are
identified: seasonality of demand, insufficient diversification of tourism products, limited
transport accessibility and a shortage of qualified personnel. The study employs methods of
statistical analysis, comparative analysis, SWOT analysis and the TOWS matrix. In addition,
quantitative forecasting of tourist flows for the period 2025–2030 is undertaken using a trendbased model. Specific recommendations are proposed for enhancing the competitiveness of
Samarkand on the international tourism market.

THE ROLE OF MUSEUM TOURISM IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTRY

Юлдуз Пирназаровна Урунбаева — 2026-06-08

Статья посвящена анализу данных, обосновывающих экономическую
эффективность организatsiи и развития музейного туризма в Узбекистане. Даны
рекомендatsiи по широкому внедрению опыта этих музеев в предоставлении услуг
музейного туризма местным и иностранным туристам

НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ УЧЕТА НА ОСНОВЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ЦЕНТРОВ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТИ В ПРОЦЕССАХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ

Хушвакт Ёдгоров — 2026-06-08

В статье рассматривается организация производственных процессов на
фармацевтических производственных предприятиях, действующих в нашей стране,
включая определение центров ответственности в соответствии с технологией
фармацевтического производства, а также значение и задачи основных, вспомогательных и
общепроизводственных объектов на фармацевтических производственных предприятиях,
особенности реализации производственных процессов на этих объектах и необходимость
учета на каждом этапе производства.

BUKHARA REGION: CHALLENGES, PROSPECTS, AND STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS

Shaxnoza Alimova — 2026-06-08

This article presents a systematic scholarly examination of the prospects, structural impediments,
and resolution strategies pertaining to the advancement of evening tourism in the Bukhara region
of Uzbekistan. The theoretical foundation of this study draws upon large-scale empirical research
conducted in China regarding nocturnal tourism safety (Huang et al., 2023) as well as scholarly
contributions addressing the cultivation of after-dark tourism experiences in India (Dhakad &
IITTM, 2018). The findings confirm that Bukhara's exceptional historical heritage, favourable
climatic conditions, and pre-existing tourism infrastructure collectively constitute a robust basis
for the sector's development. Nonetheless, the analysis identifies persistent challenges including
safety-related vulnerabilities, regulatory constraints, insufficient public awareness among
residents, and deficiencies in nighttime lighting infrastructure. The article proposes a multidimensional framework encompassing policy reforms, infrastructural enhancements, and
community engagement measures as an integrated approach to overcoming these obstacles.

MECHANISMS FOR ENHANCING INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS THROUGH THE EFFICIENT USE OF REGIONAL NATURAL RESOURCES

Olimjon Azimov — 2026-06-08

This article comprehensively examines the mechanisms of efficient use of
natural resources and enhancement of investment attractiveness within the regional economic
system. Under conditions of globalisation, climate change, and the rising priority of ESG
investments, the conversion of regions' natural resource potential into economic growth and human
capital development has become a pressing scientific and practical problem. The aim of the
research is to scientifically and methodologically substantiate the relationship between a region's
natural resource potential and investment flows, as well as to develop comprehensive mechanisms
for enhancing resource-based investment attractiveness. The study applied a combination of
SWOT analysis, correlation and panel regression analysis (Fixed Effects model), cluster analysis
(k-means algorithm), comparative analysis, and Dunning's eclectic paradigm (OLI). Official
statistical data for 14 regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2018–2024 and 98 observation
units were analysed. The results revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between the
natural resource endowment coefficient and the volume of foreign direct investment (r=0.712;
p<0.01); however, institutional quality (β=0.624) and infrastructure (β=0.738) indicators exert
stronger influence than natural resources themselves. The scientific novelty lies in the development
of a twelve-indicator Resource-Investment Efficiency Score (RIES) index, the classification of
regions into four clusters, and the proposal of a five-stage "Resource–Institution–Investment–
Innovation–Integration" (R3I2) mechanism. The findings have practical significance for shaping
regional economic policy, attracting inclusive green investments, and developing strategies to
avoid the "resource curse" syndrome.

TYPICAL ASPECTS OF SPECIALIZATION OF DESERT PASTURES FOR CULTIVATING VALUABLE NUTRITIOUS PLANTS UNDER CLIMATE СHANGE CONDITIONS

Najmiddin Kazakov — 2026-06-08

This article presents information about the desert pastures of our region,
particularly the size of the Kyzylkum Desert pastures, which occupy a large geographical part of
the Republic of Uzbekistan, the problems that have arisen in the regions in the last 10 years under
climate change conditions, the priority areas being implemented in our republic in the
specialization of desert pastures for the cultivation of valuable food plants under global climate
change conditions, and the associated costs

EFFECTIVE USE OF INNOVATIVE MARKETING TECHNOLOGIES IN ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF ENTERPRISES

Qayimjon Bobomurodov — 2026-06-08

This article examines the effective use of innovative marketing technologies in
ensuring the competitiveness of enterprises in modern market conditions. It highlights the role of
digital tools, data analytics, social media platforms, artificial intelligence, customer relationship
management systems, and personalized marketing strategies in improving business performance.
The study emphasizes that the integration of innovative marketing technologies helps enterprises
better understand consumer needs, increase customer loyalty, optimize marketing costs, and
strengthen their market position. The article also discusses the importance of adapting marketing
strategies to technological changes and competitive pressures. The findings suggest that
enterprises that actively implement innovative marketing technologies are more likely to achieve
sustainable competitive advantages, expand their target markets, and improve overall efficiency.

IMPROVING THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES BASED ON DIGITAL MARKETING TECHNOLOGIES

Mamlakat Bazarova — 2026-06-08

The accelerating digital transformation of industry and the intensifying pressure
of environmental and social expectations have made the integration of digital marketing
technologies into corporate sustainability agendas an urgent scientific and practical problem. This
article aims to develop an improved model of sustainable development for industrial enterprises
in which digital marketing technologies act as systemic enablers rather than peripheral promotional
tools. The study applies a mixed-methods design that combines a structured literature review,
comparative analysis, systematisation, and an empirical assessment of 64 industrial enterprises.
The principal result is a three-layer integrated model – the Digital Marketing-Driven Sustainable
Development (DM-SD) model – which links a digital infrastructure and data layer, a marketing
process layer, and a sustainable value layer through continuous feedback loops, and which is
operationalised through a maturity scale and a set of measurable indicators. The empirical
assessment confirms a statistically significant positive association between the digital marketing
maturity of enterprises and their composite sustainability performance, with the correlation
coefficient reaching 0.71. The findings demonstrate that data-driven demand sensing, stakeholder
engagement, sustainability transparency, and green value proposition design measurably improve
economic resilience, environmental performance, and social value creation. The proposed model
contributes to the theory of corporate sustainability by reconceptualising digital marketing as an
instrument of the triple bottom line, and offers industrial managers a structured pathway for
embedding digital marketing technologies into sustainable development strategies.

IMPROVING COMPETITIVENESS IN INTERNATIONAL MARKETS THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLE EXPORTS

Zamira Jumayeva — 2026-06-08

The intensification of competition on international horticultural markets has
turned the modernization of fruit and vegetable export chains into a strategic priority for agroexporting economies. This study examines how artificial intelligence (AI) technologies can be
deployed across the export value chain to strengthen the international competitiveness of fruit and
vegetable producers and exporters. Drawing on the case of Uzbekistan — one of the world’s
leading exporters of dried apricots, plums, raisins and fresh stone fruit — the paper combines
secondary foreign-trade statistics with primary survey data collected from 142 fruit and vegetable
exporting enterprises. A conceptual framework is developed that links five families of AI
technologies (computer vision, machine-learning forecasting, IoT-enabled cold-chain analytics,
natural-language market intelligence, and AI-based traceability and buyer-matching) to five stages
of the export value chain and to four competitiveness outcomes. Revealed comparative advantage
analysis confirms a strong but quality-constrained export position. Multiple regression analysis
demonstrates that the firm-level AI Adoption Index is the strongest predictor of the Export
Competitiveness Index (β = 0.474; p < 0.001) and that the full model explains 62.4% of its
variance. Enterprises in the highest AI-adoption quartile achieved, on average, a 23% higher unit
export price, a 41% lower consignment rejection rate and almost twice the market diversification
of low-adoption firms. The paper concludes with a staged policy and managerial roadmap for AIdriven competitiveness upgrading.

WAYS OF ENHANCING AND IMPROVING THE AGRОTOURISM POTENTIAL OF THE BUKHARA REGION

J.T. Umirov — 2026-06-08

This article examines the development of agritourism in the Bukhara region of Uzbekistan
and identifies practical directions for its improvement. The aim of the study is to determine the
principal obstacles to agritourism development and to elaborate evidence-based recommendations
adapted to local conditions. The research was carried out in 2023–2024 across six districts of the
region and combined a structured survey of 450 farm managers and 320 local residents, semistructured interviews with 45 experts, a SWOT analysis, statistical processing of regional data for
2019–2023 in SPSS Statistics 26.0, and comparative analysis of foreign and domestic experience.
The results show that, despite the region possessing the natural, agricultural and cultural resources
required for agritourism, its potential remains underused because of systemic constraints:
insufficient infrastructure (78% of respondents), a shortage of qualified personnel (65%), a lack of
financial support (82%) and weak marketing (88%). Correlation analysis revealed a strong positive
relationship between infrastructure development and the number of agritourism facilities (r = 0.82,
p < 0.01). On this basis, seven interrelated priority directions are proposed. The study concludes
that a systemic, coordinated approach can increase the number of agritourism facilities severalfold by 2030 and substantially raise rural incomes.